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  • ื‘ืขื– ื–ืœืžื ื•ื‘ื™ืฅ

ื’ื ืžื—ืจ ื ื˜ื•ืก ืœื™ืจื—


ืฉืขืจ ื”ืกืคืจ 'ื˜ื™ื™ืก ื”ื—ืœืœ ืคื™ืจืงืก' ืžืืช ืกื˜ื ื™ืกืœื‘ ืœื

ืœื ืคืขื ื•ืืฃ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืœื ื• ืฉืงืจื™ืื” ื‘ืกืคืจื™ื, ื—ื•ืฅ ืžื›ืš ืฉื”ื™ื ืขื•ืฉื” ืืชื ื• ื ื—ืžื“ื™ื, ื”ื™ื ืฉื™ื˜ืช ืืกืงืคื™ื–ื ืžืฆื•ื™ื ืช. ืœืคื ื™ ื›ืžื” ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื ื›ืชื‘ ื”ืื™ืฉ ืฉืจืฅ ื•ืจืฅ ื•ืจืฅ, ืงื•ื‘ื™ ืื•ืจืŸ, ืขืœ ื”ืฉืืœื” ื”ืื ืจื™ืฆื” ื”ื™ื ื”ืกื—ืช ื“ืขืช ื—ื™ื•ื‘ื™ืช ืื• ื‘ืจื™ื—ื” ืžื”ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช? ืื ื—ื ื• ืžื—ืคืฉื™ื ื‘ึผื•ืจึฐื—ึธื ื•ึผืช [ืฉื–ื• ื”ืžื™ืœื” ื‘ืขื‘ืจื™ืช ืœืืกืงืคื™ื–ื] ื‘ื›ืœ ืžื™ื ื™ ืžืฆื‘ื™ื ื•ื‘ื›ืœ ืฉื™ื˜ื•ืช ืžื’ื•ื•ื ื•ืช. ืงืจื™ืื” ืœื˜ืขืžื™ ื”ื™ื ืื—ืช ื”ืฉื™ื˜ื•ืช ื”ืžื•ื‘ื—ืจื•ืช ืฉื‘ื”ืŸ. ื”ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืœืงื—ืช ืืช ืขืฆืžืš ื‘ืขื•ื“ืš ื™ื•ืฉื‘ ืื• ืฉื•ื›ื‘ ืœืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ืžื•ืคืœืื™ื, ื”ื™ื ื’ื ื—ืกื›ื•ื ื™ืช ื‘ืื ืจื’ื™ื”, ืื‘ืœ ืžื—ื™ื™ื‘ืช ืžืืžืฅ ืžื•ื—ื™ ื•ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื“ืžื™ื•ืŸ [ืœื”ื‘ื“ื™ืœ ืžืฆืคื™ื™ื” ื‘ืกืจื˜, ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื”]. ืกืคืจื•ืช ืžื“ืข ื‘ื“ื™ื•ื ื™ ื”ื™ื ื“ืจืš ืžืฆื•ื™ื ืช ืœื‘ืจื•ื— ืืœ ืขืชื™ื“ ืื—ืจ, ืœืžืจื•ืช ื”ื ื˜ื™ื™ื” ืฉืœ ื—ืœืง ื ื™ื›ืจ ืžื”ืกืคืจื™ื ืœืขืชื™ื“ ื“ื™ืกื˜ื•ืคื™. ืื– ื‘ืžืฉืš ื”ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื ื ืžืœื˜ืชื™ ืžื“ื™ ืคืขื ืœืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ืื•ื“ื•ืช 'ื˜ื™ื™ืก ื”ื—ืœืœ ืคื™ืจืงืก' (ืฉื•ืงืŸ, 1982 [ืชืจื’ื ืื•ืจื™ ืื•ืจืœื‘]) ืฉืœ ืกื˜ื ื™ืกืœื‘ ืœื.


ืœื ืื™ืฉ ื—ืœืœ - ืฆืœื ื‘ืขื– ื–ืœืžื ื•ื‘ื™ืฅ

ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉืื ื™ ืœื ืžื—ื‘ื‘ ื“ื™ืจื•ื’ื™ื ื•ืชื—ืจื•ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื”ื›ืชื™ื‘ื”, ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ื•ื˜ืขืžื• ื”ื•ื, ืœื ื”ืคื•ืœื ื™ ื”ื•ื ืื—ื“ ืžื›ื•ืชื‘ื™ ื”ืžื“ืข ื”ื‘ื“ื™ื•ื ื™ ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ืœื˜ืขืžื™ [ื•ื›ืืŸ ื‘ื‘ืœื•ื’ ื”ื–ื” ืื ื™ ืงื•ื‘ืข]. ืงืจืืชื™ ืœื ืžืขื˜ ืžืžื ื•, ื•ื‘ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื, ืœืื—ืจ ืฉืžืฆืืชื™ ืžื˜ืžื•ืŸ ื‘ืื—ืช ืžืกืคืจื™ื•ืช ื”ืจื›ื‘ืช, ืงืจืืชื™ ืืช ืขื“ืŸ, ื•ืืช ืกื™ื™ืจืช ื”ื—ืœืœ "ื ืฆื—ื•ืŸ". ืฉื ื™ ืกืคืจื™ื ืžืฆื•ื™ื ื™ื ืขืœ ืžืื‘ืง ืงื‘ื•ืฆืชื™ ืžื•ืœ ื”ื‘ืœืชื™ ื ื•ื“ืข [ื•ืœืคื ื™ ืฉืืชื ืงื•ืคืฆื™ื, ืงืจืืชื™ ื’ื ืืช ืกื•ืœืืจื™ืก, ื›ื ืก ื”ืขืชื™ื“ื ื™ื ื•ืืช ืงื™ื‘ืจื™ืื“ื”. ื™ืฉ ืขื•ื“ ืžืฉืœื• ื‘ืขื‘ืจื™ืช? ื›ื™ ืคื•ืœื ื™ืช ืื ื™ ืœื ืงื•ืจื]. ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืงืจื” 'ื˜ื™ื™ืก ื”ื—ืœืœ ืคื™ืจืงืก' ื”ื•ื ืกืคืจ ืžืขื˜ ืฉื•ื ื” ื‘ืกื’ื ื•ื ื•. ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืงื•ื‘ืฅ ืฉืœ ืฉื™ืฉื” ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ืื•ื“ื•ืช ืคื™ืจืงืก, ื“ืžื•ืช ืฉื”ื™ื ื›ื‘ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื ื™ื•ืฆืœื—ื™ืช, ืืฉืจ ืขื•ืžื“ืช ื‘ืคื ื™ ื›ื™ืฉืœื•ืŸ ื‘ื›ืœ ืจื’ืข, ื›ืžื• ื‘ืžื‘ื—ืŸ ื”ื”ืกืžื›ื” ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืกืคืจ ืœื—ืœืœ, ื‘ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ื”ืคื•ืชื— - 'ืžื‘ื—ืŸ' ื•ื›ืš ื’ื ื‘ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื™ื. ื’ื ื”ืžืฆื‘ื™ื ื”ื ื•ืกืคื™ื ืฉืืœื™ื”ื ื ืงืœืข ืคื™ืจืงืก ื”ื ืขืœ ืกืฃ ื”ืงื•ืžื™-ื˜ืจื’ื“ื™, ืื‘ืœ ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ื”ื•ื ื™ื•ืฆื ืžื”ื ื‘ื–ื›ื•ืช ืชื•ืฉื™ื™ืชื• ื”ืขืžืžื™ืช ื•ื”ืคืฉื•ื˜ื”.


ื›ืกื ืืœื™ื”ื• ืžืขืœ ืงื‘ืจ ื”ืจืฉื‘"ื™ - ืฆืœื ื‘ืขื– ื–ืœืžื ื•ื‘ื™ืฅ

ื›ืžื• ื‘ืกืคืจื™ื• ืื—ืจื™ื, ืขื•ืžื“ ืœื ืขืœ ื”ืžื ืฉืงื™ื ื•ื”ืžืžืฉืงื™ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืื“ื ื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืžื›ื•ื ื”. ืžื” ืฉืžื›ื•ื ื” ื‘ืขื’ื” ื”ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ืช ื‘ืœื•ืขื–ื™ืช - (Manned-unmanned teaming (MUM-T. ืœื ื“ืŸ ื‘ืื™ืš ืคื•ืขืœื™ื ื”ืฉื ื™ื™ื ื‘ืฆื•ื•ืชื, ื•ื”ืื ื”ืžื›ื•ื ื•ืช ืžืกื›ื ื•ืช ืืช ื”ืื“ื. ืœืžืฉืœ ื‘ืกื™ืคื•ืจ 'ืฆื™ื“', ื‘ื• ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ืจื•ื‘ื•ื˜ื™ื•ืช ื™ื•ืฆืื•ืช ืžืฉืœื™ื˜ื” ื”ืื“ื ื•ื”ืžื›ื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืื—ืจื•ืช: "ืžื•ื—ื• ืฉืœ ื”ืกืื˜ื™ืจ [ื”ื›ื™ื ื•ื™ ืœืจื•ื‘ื•ื˜ ื”ืžืชืคืจืข] ื‘ื ื•ื™ ืื—ืจืช, ืืš ืžื›ื™ืœ ื”ื ืขืช ื“ื—ืฃ ื›ืœืœื™ืช ืžืกื•ื™ืžืช ื•ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืœื›ื•ื•ื ื” ื•ืœืชืขืœื” ื‘ื›ื™ื•ื•ื ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื. ื›ื ืจืื” ื ื•ืฆืจ ืงืฆืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžืจื›ื– ื”ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื”ื–ืืช ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ืžื•ืคืขืœืช ืฉืœ ื“ื—ืฃ ื”ืจืก". ืœื ืžืฆื™ื’ ืืช ื”ืงืฉืจ ื”ื›ืžืขื˜ ื”ืื™ื ื˜ื™ืžื™ ื‘ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ื›ื•ืœื, ื•ื“ื•ื’ืžื” ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ืœื›ืš ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืจืื•ืช ื‘ืกื•ืฃ ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ 'ื˜ืจืžื™ื ื•ืก' ื‘ื• ืžืชืœื‘ื˜ ืคื™ืจืงืก ื”ืื ื”ื—ืœืœื™ืช ื•ื”ืงื•ืœื•ืช ืฉื ืฉืžืขื• ืžืžื ื” ื”ื ืื ื•ืฉื™ื: "ืกื•ืฃ-ืกื•ืฃ' ืื™ืŸ ืฉื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืืฉืจ ืžืขื’ืœื™ ื–ืจื ื‘ืชื•ืš ืชื™ื‘ืช ื‘ืจื–ืœ. ืฉื•ื ื™ืฆื•ืจ ื—ื™, ืฉื•ื ืื“ื ื”ื›ืœื” ื‘ืืคืœืช ืกืคื™ื ื” ืžืจื•ืกืงืช. ืœื ื™ืชื›ืŸ ืื—ืจืช?" ื—ืœืงื• ืฉืœ ื”ืื“ื ื‘ืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ื•ื ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™, ื•ื”ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ื”ืงื•ื’ื ื™ื˜ื™ื‘ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื• ืขื•ืžื“ื•ืช ื‘ืžื‘ื—ืŸ ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ื•ื ื—ื•ืกืš ื›ืกืฃ ื‘ื‘ื ื™ื™ื” ื•ื‘ื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ื”ืžื›ื•ื ื•ืช, ืื• ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ืžื’ื‘ืœื•ืช ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื• ื™ื•ืฆืจื•ืช ืกื›ื ื” ื›ืžื• ื‘ืกื™ืคื•ืจ 'ืกื™ื•ืจ'. ืืš ืœื, ืžืฆื™ื’ ืืช ืคื™ืจืงืก ื›ื‘ืขืœ ืชื•ืฉื™ื™ื” ื•ืื™ื ื˜ื•ืื™ืฆื™ื” ืื ื•ืฉื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื™ืื™ื ืืช ื”ืื“ื ืžืกื‘ืš ื”ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ืฉื’ืจืžื• ื”ื•ื ื•ื”ืžื›ื•ื ื”.


#ืกืคืจ ืฉืœ ืกื˜ื ื™ืกืœื‘ ืœื ืœื ื–ืงื•ืง ืœื”ืžืœืฆื•ืช ืฉืœื™. ืžื•ืžืœืฅ ืœื—ื•ื‘ื‘ื™ ื”ืกื•ื’ื”.


ืชืงืจืื•, ืชื‘ืจื—ื• ื•ืชื”ื™ื• ื ื—ืžื“ื™ื.


ื•ื™ืฉ ื’ื ืฉื™ืจ ืฉื™ื™ืงื— ืืชื ื• ืœื™ืจื—




45 ืฆืคื™ื•ืช
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