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  • ื‘ืขื– ื–ืœืžื ื•ื‘ื™ืฅ

ืขื•ื“ ืงื•ืงื˜ื™ืœ ืกืงื™ืจื•ืช ืกืคืจื™ื ืžื”ื”ื•ืฆืื•ืช ืœืื•ืจ ื”ืขืฆืžืื™ื•ืช


ืฉืงื™ืขื” ืžืขืœ ื”ืจื›ืก - ืฆืœื ื‘ืขื– ื–ืœืžื ื•ื‘ื™ืฅ (ืจืžืช ื”ื’ื•ืœืŸ, 2017)

ืกื•ืฃ ื”ืฉื ื” ืžืชืงืจื‘, ื•ืกื™ื›ื•ืžื™ ื”ืงืจื™ืื” ื›ื‘ืจ ืฆืฆื™ื ื‘ืงื‘ื•ืฆื•ืช ืงื•ืจืื•ืช ื•ืงื•ืจืื™ ื”ืกืคืจื™ื ื•ื‘ื‘ืœื•ื’ื™ื ื”ืฉื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœ ื—ื•ื‘ื‘ื™ ื”ืกืคืจ ื•ื”ืกืงื™ืจื”, ื•ืื ื™ ืขื•ื“ ื ืื‘ืง ืœืกืงื•ืจ, ื•ืœื• ื‘ื›ืžื” ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ื ืืช ื”ืกืคืจื™ื ืฉืงืจืืชื™ ื‘ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื ื•ืฉืœื ื ืกืงืจื•. ืœื›ืŸ ืคืฆื—ืชื™ ื‘ืกืงื™ืจื•ืช ืžืงื•ื‘ืฆื•ืช ืขืœ ืคื™ ื”ื•ืฆืื•ืช (ืชืฉืข ื ืฉืžื•ืช; ื ื”ืจ ืกืคืจื™ื), ืขืœ ืคื™ ื ื•ืฉืื™ื (ืžืชื— ื‘ืœืฉื™), ื•ื’ื ื’ื™ื‘ื•ื‘ ืืงืœืงื˜ื™ (ืขื™ื•ื ื™; ื•ืกื™ืคื•ืจืช). ื›ื–ื• ืชื”ื™ื” ื’ื ื”ืจืฉื•ืžื” ื”ื ื•ื›ื—ื™ืช ืืฉืจ ืชืจื›ื– ื—ืžื™ืฉื” ืกืคืจื™ื ืžื”ื”ื•ืฆืื•ืช ื”ืขืฆืžืื™ื•ืช. ื”ื™ืฉืืจื• ืžื—ื•ื‘ืจื™ื, ื™ืฉ ืœืžื” ืœืฆืคื•ืช.


ืฉืขืจ 'ืฉื™ื—ื” ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืืœื™ืจื–'

ื‘ืฉื‘ื•ืข ืฉืขื‘ืจ ื”ืชืงื™ื™ื ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ืืจื™ืืœื”, ื‘ืกืคืจื™ื™ื” ื”ืžืชื—ื“ืฉืช ืื• ื”ืžื—ื•ื“ืฉืช, ื™ืจื™ื“ ื”ื•ืฆืื•ืช ืœืื•ืจ ืขืฆืžืื™ื•ืช. ืคื’ืฉืชื™ ืฉื ื›ืžื” ืžื”ืžื•"ืœื™ื ื•ื”ืžื•"ืœื™ื•ืช ืฉื˜ื•ืจื—ื™ื ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœื™ (ืžื” ืื›ืคืช ืœื™ ืžืžื›ื), ื•ืžื•ืฆื™ืื™ื ืกืคืจื™ื ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ื™ื ื•ืžืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื. ืจืง ืฉื‘ื—ืœืง ืžื”ื“ื•ื›ื ื™ื, ื›ื‘ืจ ืงื ื™ืชื™ ื•ืงืจืืชื™ ืืช ืžืจื‘ื™ืช ื”ืกืคืจื™ื ืื• ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืกืคืจื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ื”ื•ืฆืื”. ื‘ื“ื•ื›ืŸ ืฉืœ ืœื•ืงื•ืก ืฉื ื“ืžื” ืœื™ ืฉืงื ื™ืชื™ ืืช ืžืจื‘ื™ืช ืกืคืจื™ื” ืฉืขื ื™ื™ื ื• ืื•ืชื™, ื‘ื›ืœ ื–ืืช ืงื ื™ืชื™ ืกืคืจื•ืŸ-ื—ื•ื‘ืจืช. 'ืฉื™ื—ื” ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืืœื™ืจื–' ืฉืงื™ื™ืžื” ืชืžืจ ืžื•ืจ ืกืœืข (ืœื•ืงื•ืก, 2018) ื”ื™ื ื”ืžืขื˜ ื”ืžื—ื–ื™ืง ืžืจื•ื‘ื”. ืžื•ืจ ืกืœืข ืžื’ื™ืฉื” ืœืื—ืจ ืžื•ืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ืžื—ื–ืื™ ื•ื”ืžืฉื•ืจืจ ืืœื™ืจื– ื‘-2016, ืืช ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืกื™ืคืจ ืœื” ื›ืฉื ื” ืงื•ื“ื. ืืœื™ืจื– ืžื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ืฉื™ืจื” ื•ืžื” ื”ื™ื ืขื•ืฉื” ืœื›ื•ืชื‘ ื•ืœืงื•ืจื, ืขืœ ื›ืชื™ื‘ื”, ืขืœ ื”ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ืฉืœ ื—ื™ื™ ื”ื›ื•ืชื‘, ื•ื’ื ืขืœ ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ื”ืžื—ื™ืงื” ื•ืื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ื‘ืขืœื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ื˜ืงืกื˜: "ื™ืฉ ืœื™ ื—ื•ืกืจ ื‘ืขืœื•ืช ืžื•ื—ืœื˜ ืขืœ ืžื” ืฉืื ื™ ื›ื•ืชื‘, ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉืื ื™ ื›ื•ืชื‘ ื ืชื•ืŸ ืœืฉื™ื ื•ื™. ืื ื™ ืœื ื ืื—ื–. ืื—ื“ ื”ืชืขื ื•ื’ื•ืช ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ืฉืœื™ ื”ื•ื ืœื–ืจื•ืง ืžื” ืฉื›ืชื‘ืชื™. ื›ืชื™ื‘ื” ืžื—ื™ืงื” ื›ืชื™ื‘ื” ืžื—ื™ืงื”, ืขื“ ืฉื”ืกืคืจ ื ื“ืคืก. ื‘ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืžืกื•ื™ื, ื”ืฉืœืžื•ึผืช ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ืชื’ื™ืข ื‘ื™ื•ื ืฉืืจื’ื™ืฉ ืฉืื ื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืžื—ื•ืง ื”ื›ื•ืœ." ืชืขื ื•ื’ ืœืงืจื•ื ื•ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืขื ืืœื™ืจื–.

ืขึทื›ึฐืฉืึธื• ืจึทืง ื”ึทืฉึผืึดื™ืจึธื” ื ึดืฉืึฐืึฒืจึธื” ืœึทืขึฒื–ึนืจ ืœึธื ื•ึผ

ืœึธืฉื‚ึตืืช ื•ึฐืœึธืชึตืช ืขึดื ื”ึธืจื•ึผื—ึท ื‘ึผึฐื“ึทืจึฐื›ึผึธื”ึผ


ืฉืขืจ 'ืคื’ื™ืฉื•ืช' ืฉืœ ืžืจื˜ื™ืŸ ื‘ื•ื‘ืจ

ืœื›ืœ ื”ืกืคืจื™ื ื‘ืจืฉื•ืžื” ื”ื ื•ื›ื—ื™ืช ืžื’ื™ืขื” ืจืฉื•ืžื” ืžืฉืœื”ื, ืื‘ืœ 'ืคื’ื™ืฉื•ืช' ืฉืœ ืžืจื˜ื™ืŸ ื‘ื•ื‘ืจ (ื ื”ืจ ืกืคืจื™ื, 2021, ืื—ืจื™ืช ื“ื‘ืจ ื“"ืจ ื™ืžื™ืžื” ื—ื“ื“), ื”ื•ื ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื‘ื”ื, ืื‘ืœ ืื ื™ ื ืืœืฅ ืœื”ืชื ืฆืœ ื‘ืคื ื™ ืจืื•ื‘ืŸ ืžื™ืจืŸ ืžื•"ืœ ื ื”ืจ ืฉืขืฉื” ืืช ื”ืžืขืฉื” ื”ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื•ื”ื•ืฆื™ื ืžื—ื“ืฉ ืืช ื”ืืกื•ืคื” ื”ืื•ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื•ื’ืจืคื™ืช, ื•ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ื‘ืคื ื™ ื‘ื•ื‘ืจ ื”ื—ื•ืงืจ, ื”ืคื™ืœื•ืกื•ืฃ ื•ืื™ืฉ ื”ืจื•ื— ื”ื“ื’ื•ืœ. ื–ื• ืงื™ื‘ื•ืฅ ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉื›ืชื‘ ื‘ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ืฉื ื™ื ื•ืžื”ื•ื•ื™ื ืžืขื™ืŸ ืื•ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื•ื’ืจืคื™ื” ืฉืœ ื”ื”ืชืคืชื—ื•ืช ื”ืžื—ืฉื‘ืชื™ืช ื”ืื™ื ื˜ืœืงื˜ื•ืืœื™ืช ืฉืœื•: "ืœื ืžืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ ื›ืืŸ ืœืกืคืจ ืขืœ ืงื•ืจื•ืช ื—ื™ื™ ื”ืื™ืฉื™ื™ื, ืืœื ื–ื” ื‘ืœื‘ื“ ื›ืœ ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™: ืœืžืกื•ืจ ื“ื™ืŸึพื•ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ืขืœ ืจื’ืขื™ื ืื—ื“ื™ื ื”ืžื‘ืฆื‘ืฆื™ื ื•ืขื•ืœื™ื ืœืขื™ื ึทื™ ื›ืฉืื ื™ ืžื‘ื™ื˜ ืœืื—ื•ืจ. ืจื’ืขื™ื ืฉื”ืฉืคื™ืขื• ื”ืฉืคืขื” ืงื•ื‘ืขืช ืขืœ ืื•ืคืŸ ื•ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ื—ืฉื™ื‘ืชื™." ื–ื” ืกืคืจ ื”ื ืงืจื ืœืื˜ ืœืื˜, ืจืฉื•ืžื” ืจืฉื•ืžื”, ืžื—ืฉื‘ื” ืžื—ืฉื‘ื”. ืœื ืงืœ, ืœืคื—ื•ืช ืœื”ื“ื™ื•ื˜ ืฉื›ืžื•ื ื™ ืฉืœื ื‘ืงื™ื ื‘ื”ื’ื•ืชื• ืฉืœ ื‘ื•ื‘ืจ (ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื™ืฉ ืœื•ืžืจ ืชื•ื“ื” ืขืœ ืฆื™ืจื•ืฃ ืื—ืจื™ืช ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ืžืื™ืจืช ื”ืขื™ื ื™ื™ื). ื”ืกืคืจ ืžืขื•ืจืจ ืžื—ืฉื‘ื”, ื•ืจืขื™ื•ื ื•ืชื™ื• ืฉืœ ื‘ื•ื‘ืจ ืžื•ืฉื›ื™ื ืœื”ืขืžื™ืง ื‘ื”ื ื•ืœืฉื•ื‘ ื•ืœืงืจื•ื ื•ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ. ืกื™ืžื ืชื™ ืœื ืžืขื˜ ื“ืคื™ื, ืคืกืงืื•ืช ื•ืžื—ืฉื‘ื•ืช, ืื‘ืœ ืื™ืŸ ืžืงื•ื, ืื•ืœื™ ื“ื‘ืจ ืื—ื“ - 'ืฉื’ื™ืฉื”' - ืžื•ืฉื’ ืฉื”ืชืงื™ืŸ ื‘ื•ื‘ืจ ื•ื‘ื• ื‘ื™ืงืฉ "ืœืฆื™ื™ืŸ ืืช ื”ื—ื˜ืืชื” ื•ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืฉื” ืฉืœ ืคื’ื™ืฉื” ืžืžืฉื™ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ื‘ื ื™-ืื“ื." ืชืงืจืื• ืืช ื‘ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืขื™ื“ืŸ ื”ืฉื’ื™ืฉื•ืช, ืฉื›ืŸ ืืฆืœื• ื”ืคื’ื™ืฉื•ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื“ื ืœืื“ื ื”ืŸ ื”ืขื™ืงืจ.


ืฉืขืจ 'ืจืฆื— ื‘ืจื—ื•ื‘ ื‘ืœืคื•ื’'ื•' ืฉืœ ืกื‘ื‘ื•

ืื—ืจื™ ืœื•ืงื•ืก ื•ื ื”ืจ ืกืคืจื™ื, ืื ื™ ืขื•ื‘ืจ ืœืชืฉืข ื ืฉืžื•ืช, ื•ืœืกืคืจื•ืŸ ืฉื”ืฉืœื™ื ืืช ื—ืžื™ืฉื™ืช ื”ืกืคืจื™ื ืฉืกืงืจืชื™ ืฉื‘ื•ืข ืฉืขื‘ืจ, ืกืคืจ ืื•ืชื• ืงืจืืชื™ ื‘ื“ืจืš ืœื™ืจื™ื“ ื‘ืื•ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืก ืขืžื•ืก ื—ื™ื™ืœื™ื ื‘ื•ื•ืจื™ืื ื˜ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื ื•ืžื’ื•ื•ื ื™ื. 'ืจืฆื— ื‘ืจื—ื•ื‘ ื‘ืœืคื•ื’'ื•' ืฉืœ ืื™ื˜ืœื• ืกื‘ื‘ื• (ืชืฉืข ื ืฉืžื•ืช, 2021, ืชืจื’ื•ื ืžื•ื ื” ื’ื•ื“ืืจ) ื”ื•ื ื”ืกืคืจ ื”ืฉื ื™ ืฉืœ ืกื‘ื‘ื• ืฉืžื•ืฆื™ืื” ืชืฉืข ื ืฉืžื•ืช, ื•ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ ืืœื™ื”ื ืงืจืืชื™ ืืช 'ืžืกืข ืกื ื˜ื™ืžื ื˜ืœื™ ืงืฆืจ' ืฉืœื•. ื”ืกืคืจ ื”ื ื•ื›ื—ื™ ืžื›ื™ืœ ืฉื ื™ ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ืงืฆืจื™ื. ื”ืื—ื“ ื ื•ืฉื ืืช ืฉื ื”ืกืคืจ ื•ืขื•ืกืง ื‘ืžืขืฉื™ื• ื•ื‘ืžื—ืฉื‘ื•ืชื™ื• ืฉืœ ืจื•ืฆื—. ืคื•ืขืœ ืื• ืกื‘ืœ ื”ื—ื™ ืžื ื•ืชืง ื‘ืฉื•ืœื™ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ืจืฆื— ื‘ืจื’ืข ืฉืœ ืชืื•ื•ืช ื›ืกืฃ ื•ื”ื–ื“ืžื ื•ืช. ืžื›ืืŸ ืžืชื—ื™ืœ ืกื‘ื‘ื• ืœืชืืจ ืืช ืžืกืข ื”ื”ื™ืžืœื˜ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืื™ืฉ ืžืคื ื™ ื”ื—ื•ืง, ื”ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื”, ื—ื‘ืจื™ื• ื•ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ืืช ืžืกืข ื”ื”ื™ืฉืจื“ื•ืช ื”ืคื ื™ืžื™ ื”ื ืคืฉื™: "ื”ื•ื ืจืื” ืืช ืขืฆืžื• ื›ืื“ื ืฉื ืงืœืข ื‘ืืฉืžืชื• ืœืžื“ืจื•ืŸ ืชืœื•ืœ, ืจื•ื›ืŸ, ื ื•ืคืœ ื•ื›ืœ ืžืืžืฆื™ื• ืœืขืฆื•ืจ ืžืขืœื™ื ื—ืจืก ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื”ืื“ืžื” ืงื•ืจืกืช ืชื—ืช ืจื’ืœื™ื• ื•ื”ืฉื™ื—ื™ื ืฉื‘ื”ื ื ืื—ื– ืื™ื ื ืขื•ืžื“ื™ื ื‘ืžืฉื." ื”ืชื™ืื•ืจ ื”ืคื™ื–ื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืžืชืจื—ืฉ ื‘ื ืคืฉ ื”ื•ื ื”ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืžืจื›ื–ื™ ื‘ืกื™ืคื•ืจ - ืื™ืŸ ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ื™ืžืœื˜ ืžืžื” ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ืชื•ื›ืš. ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ื”ืฉื ื™ ืื™ื ื ื• ืคืกื™ื›ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ ืืœื, ืื•ืœื™, ืžืชื—ื•ื ืžื“ืขื™ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”. 'ื”ืฉื‘ื˜' ืžืชืืจ ืืช ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ืชื ื—ืœื•ืชื• ืฉืœ ืฉื‘ื˜ ื ื•ื“ื“ ื•ืืช ื”ืฉืคืขืช ื”ื›ืœืœื™ื ื”ื—ื“ืฉื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืชื”ื•ื•ืชื” ืฉืœ ื—ื‘ืจื” ื—ื“ืฉื” ื•ื”ืฉืคืขืช ื”ื—ื•ืง ื•ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื” ืขืœ ื”ื›ืœืœ ื•ืขืœ ื”ืคืจื˜. ื–ืืช ืขื•ืฉื” ืกื‘ื‘ื• ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช "ืื’ื“ืช ืขื" ืขืœ ื‘ืŸ ื”ืฉื‘ื˜ ืฉื ืฉืœื— ืœืœืžื•ื“ ืืช ื”ื›ืœืœื™ื ืžื”ืืจืฆื•ืช ื”ืžืชื•ืจื‘ืชื•ืช (ืงืจื™, ืื™ืจื•ืคื”). ืกื‘ื‘ื• ืงืฆืจ ื•ื—ื“.


ืฉืขืจ 'ื›ืœื‘ื™ื ื™ืฉื ื™ื' ืฉืœ ืฉื—ืจ ื’. ื™ืคื”

ื”ื ื” ื ื•ื‘ืœื” ืงืฆืจื” ืฉื™ืฆืื” ื‘ื”ื•ืฆืื” ืขืฆืžืื™ืช ื–ืขื™ืจื” 'ืคื˜ืœ' ืฉืœ ืื‘ื™ื‘ื™ืช ืžืฉืžืจื™. ืงืจืืชื™ ื’ื ืžืฉืœ ืžืฉืžืจื™ ืขืฆืžื” (ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื” ื’'ื•ื ืกื•ืŸ 38), ื•ื’ื ืžืืกื•ืคื•ืช ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ื”ื ื•ืฉืื™ื•ืช ืฉืคืจืกืžื” ื‘ืขื‘ืจ, ื•ื”ื ื” ื‘ื™ื—ื“ ืขื ืืœื™ ื”ื™ืจืฉ ื”ื™ื ืžื™ื™ืกื“ืช ืกื“ืจืช ืžืงื•ืจ, ืฉื™ืฉ ืœืงื•ื•ืช ืฉืชืชืจื—ื‘. ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืงืจื”, ื”ืกืคืจ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ (ื•ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ ื‘ื™ื ืชื™ื™ื) ื‘ืกื“ืจื” ื”ื•ื ืกืคืจ ื—ื™ื“ืชื™ ืฉืœ ืฉื—ืจ ื’. ื™ืคื” - 'ื›ืœื‘ื™ื ื™ืฉื ื™ื' (ืคื˜ืœ, 2021). ื‘ืฉื ื•ืช ื”ื—ืžื™ืฉื™ื ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื”ืฆืขื™ืจื”, ื”ื™ื—ืคื”, ื”ืชืžื™ืžื” ืืš ื”ื ื•ืฉืืช ื‘ื ืคืฉื” ืืช ื”ืฉื•ืื”, ื”ืžืœื—ืžื•ืช, ื”ื”ื’ื™ืจื” ื•ื”ื›ืื‘ื™ื ื”ืื™ืฉื™ื™ื, ืฉืชื™ ืื—ื™ื•ืช ืฆืขื™ืจื•ืช ื ืžืœื˜ื•ืช ืžืืžืŸ ืืœ ืื‘ื™ื”ืŸ ืฉื ืžืœื˜ ืืฃ ื”ื•ื ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœื”ืจื™ ื”ื—ื•ืฉืš - ืœื™ื ื”ืžืœื— ื•ืœืžืคืขืœื™ื ื”ื ื˜ื•ืฉื™ื. ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ืžืกื•ืคืจ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืื ื” ื”ืื—ื•ืช ื”ื‘ื•ื’ืจืช, ื•ื‘ืžืขื™ืŸ ืชื›ืกื™ืก ืกืคืจื•ืชื™ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ "ืขื•ืจื›ืช ื”ืกืคืจ" ื™ืคื” ื’. ืฉื’ื ืžื•ืกื™ืคื” ื”ืขืจื•ืช ื•ืคืจืฉื ื•ืช ืขื“ ืฉื”ื™ื ื—ื•ื“ืจืช ืื• ืžื•ื—ื“ืจืช ืœืกื™ืคื•ืจ ื”ืœื™ื‘ื” ืขืฆืžื•. ื‘ืจื•ืจ ืฉ'ื™ืคื” ื’.' ื”ื•ื ืžืขื™ืŸ ื”ืฉืœื›ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืกื•ืคืจ ืขืฆืžื•, ืื‘ืœ ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืื ื™ ื‘ื•ืจ ื•ืขื ืืจืฅ ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ ืกืคืจื•ืช ืืงื“ืžืื™ืช, ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืงืจื•ื ืคืจืฉื ื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืืฆืœ ืขื•ืคืจื” ืื•ืจืŸ. ืœื˜ืขืžื™ ื”ืชืขืœื•ืœ ื”ื–ื”, ืฉืื•ืœื™ ืืœื™ื• ืžื›ื•ื•ืŸ ื”ืกื•ืคืจ ืืช ื”ื ื•ื‘ืœื”, ืœื ืžื•ืฆืœื— ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ, ืื‘ืœ ื”ื›ืชื™ื‘ื” ืฉืœ ื™ืคื” ืžืขื ื™ื™ื ืช ื•ื™ืฉ ืœืงื•ื•ืช ืฉืกืคืจื• ื”ืฉื ื™ ื™ื”ื™ื” ืคื—ื•ืช ื˜ืจื™ืงื™ ื•ื™ื•ืชืจ ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ื”ืขื•ืžื“ ื‘ืคื ื™ ืขืฆืžื•, ืฉื›ืŸ ื”ื•ื ื™ื•ื“ืข ืœื›ืชื•ื‘: "ืื ื™ ื™ื•ื“ืขืช ื•ืœื ื™ื•ืฆืืช. ืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื”ืžืฉื™ืš ืœืฆื•ืฃ ื›ื›ื” ืขืœ ื”ื’ื‘, ืœื ืœื’ืขืช ื‘ืื“ืžื” ื•ืœื ืœื’ืขืช ื‘ืฉืžื™ื™ื. ื‘ืžื™ื, ืื ื™ ืžืงื•ื•ื”, ืœื ืืฆื˜ืจืš ืœื‘ื—ื•ืจ."


ืฉืขืจ 'ื”ืฉื˜ืŸ ื•ื“ื ื™ืืœ ื•ื‘ืกื˜ืจ' ืฉืœ ื‘ื ื”

ื—ื–ืจื ื• ืœ'ื ื”ืจ ืกืคืจื™ื' ื•ื”ืคืขื ืœืกืคืจ ื”ืžื›ื™ืœ ืฉื ื™ ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ืฉืœ ืกื˜ื™ื‘ืŸ ื•ื™ื ืกื ื˜ ื‘ื ื” - 'ื”ืฉื˜ืŸ ื•ื“ื ื™ืืœ ื•ื‘ืกื˜ืจ' ื•'ื“ื ื™ืืœ ื•ื‘ืกื˜ืจ ื•ื ื—ืฉ ื”ืขืงืœืชื•ืŸ' (ื ื”ืจ ืกืคืจื™ื, 2021, ืชืจื’ื•ื ืขื ื‘ืœ ืฉื’ื™ื‘-ื ืงื“ื™ืžื•ืŸ, ื•ืื—ืจื™ืช ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉืœ ืขืจืŸ ืกื‘ืื’). ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ืขื•ื“ ืชื’ืœื™ืช ืกืคืจื•ืชื™ืช ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ืชื™. ืฉืชื™ ืื’ื“ื•ืช ืขืœ ืคื˜ืจื™ื•ื˜ื™ื•ืช, ืขืœ ืืžื•ื ื” ื‘ื˜ื‘ืข ื”ืื“ื ื•ื‘ืฆื“ืง, ื•ืื•ื“ื•ืช ืžืื‘ืง ื˜ื•ื‘ ื‘ืจืข ื”ืžืกื•ืคืจื•ืช ื‘ื—ื™ื•ืš ื•ื‘ืฆื™ื ื™ื•ืช ื›ื‘ื“ื” ืฉื ื›ืชื‘ื• ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื‘ื ื” (Stephen Vincent Benรฉt), ืžืฉื•ืจืจ ื•ืกื•ืคืจ ืืžืจื™ืงืื™ ื‘ืฉื ื•ืช ื”ืขืฉืจื™ื ื•ื”ืฉืœื•ืฉื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืžืื” ื”ืงื•ื“ืžืช. ื”ื’ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืฉืœ ืฉื ื™ ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ื - ื•ื‘ืกื˜ืจ - ื”ื•ื ื“ืžื•ืช ืืžืชื™ืช ืฉืœ ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ืงืื™ ื•ืขื•ืจืš ื“ื™ืŸ ื‘ืŸ ื”ืžืื” ื”-19: "ืืชื ืžื‘ื™ื ื™ื, ื‘ืžืฉืš ื–ืžืŸ ืžื”, ื”ื•ื ื”ื™ื” ื”ืื“ื ื”ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืืจืฅ. ื”ื•ื ืœื ื”ื’ื™ืข ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื ืฉื™ื, ืื‘ืœ ื”ื•ื ื”ื™ื” ื”ืื“ื ื”ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ. ืืœืคื™ื ืฉืžื• ื‘ื• ืžื‘ื˜ื—ื ื›ืื™ืœื• ื”ื™ื” ืืœื•ื”ื™ื ื‘ื›ื‘ื•ื“ื• ื•ื‘ืขืฆืžื•, ื•ืกื™ืคืจื• ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ืขืœื™ื• ื•ืขืœ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉื”ื™ื• ืฉืœื•, ืฉื”ื™ื• ื›ืžื• ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื’ื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ ื”ืชื "ืš, ืื‘ืจื”ื, ื™ืฆื—ืง ื•ื™ืขืงื‘.", ืฉื‘ื ื” ืžืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื• ื‘ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืขืžื™ื“ ืืช ื“ืžื•ืช ื”ืคื˜ืจื™ื•ื˜ ื”ื™ื›ื•ืœ ื‘ืžื™ืœื•ืชื™ื• ื•ื‘ื›ืจื™ื–ืžื” ืœื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ ืขื ื”ืฉื˜ืŸ ืฉืจื›ืฉ ืืช ื ืฉืžืชื• ืฉืœ ืื™ื›ืจ, ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ ืœืฉืืจ ืžื˜ืœื•ืชื™ื•: "ื™ืฉ ืœื™ ื‘ืขืจืš ืฉื‘ืขื™ื ื•ื—ืžื™ืฉื” ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช [...] ืื‘ืœ ืื ื™ ืืงื‘ืœ ืืช ื”ืชื™ืง ืฉืœืš. ื›ื™ ืื ืฉื ื™ ื‘ื ื™ ื ื™ื• ื”ืžืคืฉื™ื™ืจ ืื™ื ื ื™ืจื™ื‘ื™ื ืฉืงื•ืœื™ื ืœืฉื˜ืŸ, ื™ื•ืชืจ ื˜ื•ื‘ ื›ื‘ืจ ืฉื ื—ื–ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ืืจืฅ ืœืื™ื ื“ื™ืื ื™ื." ื”ืžืื‘ืง ื‘ืฉื˜ืŸ ืื™ื ื ื• ืžืื‘ืง ืคื™ื–ื™ ืื• ื‘ื›ื™ื ื•ืจ, ืืœื ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื”ื—ื•ืง ื•ื”ืฆื“ืง. ื‘ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ื”ืฉื ื™ ืจื•ืชื ื•ื‘ืกื˜ืจ ืืช ื”ืฉื˜ืŸ ื‘ื“ืžื•ืช ื ื—ืฉื™ืช ืขืงืœืชื•ื ื™ืช ืœืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื•ื’ื ื–ืืช ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืžื™ืœื™ื ื•ืฉื›ื ื•ืข (ื•ื’ื ืื”ื‘ื”). ืื—ืจื™ืช ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉืœ ืกื‘ืื’ ืขื•ื–ืจืช ืœืžืงื ืืช ื‘ื ื” ื•ืืช ื•ื‘ืกื˜ืจ ื‘ื”ืงืฉืจ ื”ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ ื•ื”ืกืคืจื•ืชื™. ื”ืžืœืฆื” ืœื”ื™ื›ืจื•ืช ืกืคืจื•ืชื™ืช.


#ืกืคืจ ืื• ื—ืžื™ืฉื”. ื”ืžืœืฆื•ืช ืœื”ื™ื›ืจื•ืช ืขื ืกืคืจื•ืช, ืขื ื›ืชื™ื‘ืช ืžืฉื•ืจืจ ื•ืคื’ื™ืฉื” ืขื ื‘ื•ื‘ืจ.


ื”ื—ื•ืจืฃ ื”ื’ื™ืข ื•ื”ื’ืœ ื”ื—ืžื™ืฉื™ ื‘ืคืชื—, ืชืงื ื• ืกืคืจื™ื, ืชืงืจืื• ื•ืชื”ื™ื• ื ื—ืžื“ื™ื.


ื•ื™ืฉ ื’ื ืฉื™ืจ ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ืคื•ื“ืงืืกื˜ ืฉืฉืžืขืชื™ ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืข ื‘ื›ืืŸ 88

My friend came to me

With sadness in his eyes

He told me that he wanted help

Before his country dies



107 ืฆืคื™ื•ืช

ืคื•ืกื˜ื™ื ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื

ื”ืฆื’ ื”ื›ื•ืœ
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