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  • ื‘ืขื– ื–ืœืžื ื•ื‘ื™ืฅ

ืกืข, ืœืš ืœืžื“ื‘ืจ, ื”ื“ืจื›ื™ื ื™ื•ื‘ื™ืœื•


ืฉืขืจ 'ืงื ื™ื•ืŸ ืขื–ืื–ืœ' ืฉืœ ืืกืฃ ื—ื–ื ื™ (ืขื‘ืจื™ืช, 2021)

ื—ื™ื™ื ื—ืคืจ ื›ืชื‘: "ืœืš, ืœืš ืœืžื“ื‘ืจ; ื”ื“ืจื›ื™ื ื™ื•ื‘ื™ืœื•, ืœื™ืœ ื˜ืจื ื‘ื; ืœืš, ืื—ื™, ืืœ ื”ืžื“ื‘ืจ." ื”ืื ืขืฉื” ื–ืืช ืžืชื•ืš ื”ืชื‘ื•ื ื ื•ืช ื‘ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช, ื™"ื‘, ื'-ื™"ื–: "ืœืš ืœืš ืžืืจืฆืš ื•ืžืžื•ืœื“ืชืš ื•ืžื‘ื™ืช ืื‘ื™ืš"? ืื™ืŸ ืœื™ ืžื•ืฉื’. ืื‘ืœ ื”ื™ื•ื ืจื‘ื™ื ืžืงื™ื™ืžื™ื ืืช ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืกืข ืœืš ื‘ื’'ื™ืค ืœืžื“ื‘ืจ ื•ืœืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ืื—ืจื™ื. ืื™ืฉื™ืช ืื ื™ ืžืขื“ื™ืฃ ืœืœื›ืช ื‘ืจื’ืœ ืœื›ืœ ืžื™ื ื™ ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช, ืื‘ืœ ืืกืฃ ื—ื–ื ื™ ื™ืฆื ืขื ื”ื’'ื™ืคืื™ื ืœืกืคืจ ื”ืžื“ื‘ืจ. ื”ืกืคืจ 'ืงื ื™ื•ืŸ ืขื–ืื–ืœ - ื’'ื™ืคืื•ืช, ืฆืจื›ื ื•ืช ื•ืœืื•ืžื™ื•ืช ื‘ืกืคืจ ื”ืžื“ื‘ืจ' (ืขื‘ืจื™ืช, 2021), ื”ื•ื ืชื•ืœื“ื” ืฉืœ ืชืฆืคื™ืช ืžืฉืชืชืคืช ืกืงืจื ื™ืช ื•ื—ืงืจื ื™ืช ืฉืœ ื—ื–ื ื™ ื‘ืชื•ืคืขืช ื”ื’'ื™ืคืื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœืœ, ื•ื‘ื–ื• ื”ืžืชืจื—ืฉืช ื‘ืžืจื—ื‘ ืฉืžืžื–ืจื— ืœืžืขืœื” ืื“ื•ืžื™ื. ืžื’'ื‘ืœ ืžื•ื ื˜ืจ ื”ื•ื ื”ืจ ื”ืขื–ืื–ืœ ืœืžื ื–ืจ ืžืจืกื‘ื ื•ืขื“ ืžืฆื•ืง ื”ืขืชืงื™ื , ื‘ืคืจื˜. ื—ื–ื ื™ ื”ื•ื ืžื›ืจ ื•ืจืข ื•ืชื™ืง ืžืขื•ืœื ื”ืฆื‘ืื™, ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ื”ืžื—ืงืจื™ ื•ื”ื›ืชื™ื‘ืชื™ [ื–ื” ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ื’ื™ืœื•ื™ ื ืื•ืช, ืื ื›ื™ ืืช ื”ืกืคืจ ืงื ื™ืชื™ ื‘ื›ืกืคื™ ื”ืคื ืกื™ื” ื”ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ื™ืช]. ืืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื”ื“ื•ืงื˜ื•ืจื˜ ืฉืœื• ืขืฉื” ืขืœ ืจื•ื›ื‘ื™ ื”ืื•ืคื ื™ื™ื ื•ื’ื ื”ื™ื ืขืกืงื” ื‘ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืคื™ื–ื™ ื•ื”ืžื“ื•ืžื™ื™ืŸ ืฉื‘ื™ืŸ ื’ื•ืฃ, ืžืจื—ื‘, ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ื•ืชื ื•ืขื”.


ืกื•ืกื™ ืคืจื ื‘ืžื›ืœืื” - ืฆืœื ื‘ืขื– ื–ืœืžื ื•ื‘ื™ืฅ (ืฉื‘ื™ ืฆื™ื•ืŸ, 2022)

ื›ืžื• ืฉืขืฉื” ื•ื—ืงืจ ืขื ื”ืื•ืคื ื™ื™ื, ื—ื–ื ื™ ื”ื•ื ืฆื•ืคื” ืžืฉืชืชืฃ. ืงื ื” ื’'ื™ืค, ื”ืฆื˜ื™ื™ื“ ื‘ื’ืœื’ืœ ืกืคื™ื™ืจ, ื—ื‘ืจ ืœืงื‘ื•ืฆื•ืช ื”ืžืฉื•ื˜ื˜ื™ื ืขื ื”ื’'ื™ืคื™ื, ืคืชื— ื™ื•ืžืŸ ืฉื“ื”, ื•ื”ื—ืœ ืœืจืฉื•ื ื•ืœื—ืงื•ืจ. ื”ืชื•ืฆืื” ื”ื™ื ืžืขื ื™ื™ื ืช ืœื ืจืง ื‘ืžื•ืฉื ื”ืžื—ืงืจ ืขืฆืžื•, ืืœื ื’ื ืœืžื™ ืฉืžืชื‘ื•ื ืŸ ืขืœ ื”ื”ื•ื•ื™ื” ื”ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ืช ื•ื’ื ืขืœ ื”ื™ื—ืกื™ื ื”ืžื•ื›ืœื™ื ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ืขื ื”ืืจืฅ, ื•ืขื ื™ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื”. ืœืกืคืจ, ืœืชื—ื•ืฉืชื™, ืฉื ื™ ื—ืœืงื™ื ืฉืžืฉื•ืœื‘ื™ื ื–ื” ื‘ื–ื”, ืื ื›ื™ ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ื‘ื—ื™ืŸ ื‘ืžื™ืงื•ื“ ื‘ื›ืœ ื—ืœืง. ื”ื—ืœืง ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœืคืจืงื™ื ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืžืชื‘ื•ื ืŸ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืฉื‘ื• ื™ื•ืฆืื™ื ืื ืฉื™ื ื•ื’ื ืงืฆืช ื ืฉื™ื ืœืฉื˜ื—. ืื•ืคืŸ ื”ืชืืจื’ื ื•ืช ื”ืงื‘ื•ืฆื•ืช ื”ืžืกื•ื•ื’ื•ืช ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื—ื–ื ื™ ื›ืงื‘ื•ืฆื•ืช ืžื•ื‘ื—ื ื•ืช. ืœืžืฉืœ, ื›ืืœื• ืฉื”ื™ื• ื—ื‘ืจื™ื ืงื•ื“ื ืœื›ืŸ ื•ื”ื’'ื™ืคื™ื ื”ื•ืกื™ืคื• ืจื•ื‘ื“ ื‘ื™ื—ืกื™ื ืื• ืฉื”ื ื›ืœื™ ื ื•ืกืฃ ืœืชื—ื–ื•ืง ื”ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช; ืงื‘ื•ืฆื•ืช ืฉื”ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื‘ื”ืŸ ื ื•ืฆืจื” ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ื”ื’'ื™ืคื™ื; ืงื‘ื•ืฆื•ืช ื‘ืชืฉืœื•ื ื•ื›ื•'. ื—ื–ื ื™ ืžืกืชื›ืœ ืขืœ ื”ืื•ืคืŸ ืฉื‘ื• ื ืคื’ืฉื™ื ืœื™ืฆื™ืื”/ื›ื ื™ืกื” ืœืฉื˜ื—, ืžืกืชื“ืจื™ื ื‘ื˜ื•ืจ, ืžื™ ื”ื ื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ืชืคืงื™ื“ื™ื ื”ืฉื•ื ื™ื ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ืื™ืš ืื•ื›ืœื™ื. ื›ืœ ืืœื” ืžืฉืžืฉื™ื ืชืฉืชื™ืช ืœื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ืงืฉืจื™ื ื•ื™ื—ืกื™ื ืฉืœ ื ืฉื™ื-ื’ื‘ืจื™ื, ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื-ืขืจื‘ื™ื, ืื–ืจื—ื™ื-ืจืฉื•ื™ื•ืช ื•ื’ื ืขืœ ื“ืจื›ื™ ื”ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื’'ื™ืคืื™ื ื‘ืฉื˜ื— ื”ืžืžืฉื™ ื•ื‘ืžืจื—ื‘ ื”ื•ื™ืจื˜ื•ืืœื™.


ืฆื ืจืช - ืฆืœื ื‘ืขื– ื–ืœืžื ื•ื‘ื™ืฅ (ืฉื‘ื™ ืฆื™ื•ืŸ, 2022)

ื”ื—ืœืง ื”ืื—ืจ ืฉืœ ื”ืกืคืจ, ืฉืื™ื ื ื• ื›ืืžื•ืจ ืžืžืฉ ืžื•ืคืจื“, ืฉื•ืืœ ืืช ื”ืฉืืœื•ืช ืื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ื™ื—ืกื™ื ื•ื”ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ื ื”ืžื•ื›ืœื™ื ื‘ืื•ืชื• ืžืฉื•ืœืฉ ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ - ื”ืžืžืฉื™, ื”ื•ื™ืจื˜ื•ืืœื™ ื•ื”ืžื“ื•ืžื™ื™ืŸ [ืื ืœื—ื–ื•ืจ ืงืฆืช ืœื“ืœื– ื•ื’ื•ืื˜ืจื™ - ืคืจืง ื™']. ื”ืื ื”ืฉื™ื˜ื•ื˜ ื‘ื’'ื™ืค ื”ื•ื ื—ืœืง ืžืžืฉื”ื• ื™ื•ืชืจ "ื’ื“ื•ืœ" - ื”ืžืื‘ืง ืขืœ ื”ืฉื˜ื— ื”ืœื ืžื•ื’ื“ืจ ื”ื‘ืœืชื™ ื‘ืจื•ืจ ืื• ื–ื” ืฉืœื ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœื‘ืจืจ ืื•ืชื• [A/B/C/ืฉืžื•ืจืช ื˜ื‘ืข/ืฉื˜ื— ืืฉ/ื‘ื“ื•ื•ื™ื/ืคืœืกื˜ื™ื ื™ื/ื—ื•ื•ืช ื‘ื•ื“ื“/ื ื–ื™ืจื™ื/ื•ืขื•ื“]. ื”ื“ื•ื’ืžื” ื”ื‘ื•ืœื˜ืช ื‘ื”ืงืฉืจ ื–ื” ื•ืฉืื•ืชื” ื—ืงืจ ื—ื–ื ื™ ืœืขื•ืžืง ื•ื”ื•ื ืžืงื“ื™ืฉ ืœื” ื—ืœืง ืžื”ืกืคืจ, ื”ื•ื ื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืžื™ื ืฉื–ื›ื” ืœืคืจืกื•ื ื‘ืžืจืฉืชืช ื•ื”ื—ืœ ืžื•ืฉืš ืืœื™ื• ืžื˜ื™ื™ืœื™ื ื•ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ื’'ื™ืคืื™ื. ื‘ื•ืจ ืืฉืจ ื‘ืชื—ื™ืœื” ื›ื•ื ื” 'ื‘ื•ืจ-ืžืื’ื•ืจืช ื”ืขืžื•ื“ื™ื' ื•ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ 'ื‘ื•ืจ ืขื•ื–ื™ื”ื•' ื•'ื‘ื•ืจ ืขื•ื–ื™ื”' ื•ื ืจืงืžื• ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื• ืื’ื“ื•ืช ืขืœ ืžื•ืจืฉืช ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ืช ื•ื‘ื™ื–ื ื˜ื™ืช, ืืš ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ ื ื—ืฆื‘ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ ื”ืžืงื•ื ื”ืคืœืกื˜ื™ื ื™ื ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช ืฉื ื•ืช ื”ืืœืคื™ื™ื. ื”ืคืขื•ืœื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ื”ืฉื•ื ื™ื ืกื‘ื™ื‘ ื”ื‘ื•ืจ, ืฉื—ื–ื ื™ ืžื›ื ื” "ื”ืžื”ืœืš ื”ื–ื” ื”ื›ื•ืคื” ืขืœ ื”ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ืช ืฉืœ ืกื‘ื ืฉืœ ืคื•ืื“ ืืช ื”ื ืฆื— ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™."[ืขืž' 213] ื”ืŸ ืžืจืชืงื•ืช. ื’ื ื‘ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืฉื”ืŸ ื—ืœืง ืžื•ื‘ื ื” ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืžืื‘ืง ืขืœ ื”ืืจืฅ ื•ื ืขืฉื•ืช ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื›ืœ ื”ืฆื“ื“ื™ื, ื•ื’ื ื‘ื”ืงืฉืจื ืฉืœ ื”ื’'ื™ืคืื™ื ื”ืžืฉืžืฉื™ื "ื›ืœื™" ื‘ืžืื‘ืง. ื”ืŸ ื›ืžืกืžื ื™ ื”ืฉื˜ื— ื‘ื ื•ื›ื—ื•ืชื ื”ืคื™ื–ื™ืช ืขื ื”ื›ืœื™ื ื‘ืฉื˜ื—; ื•ื”ืŸ ื”ื•ื•ื™ืจื˜ื•ืืœื™ืช ื‘ืžืคื•ืช ื”ื“ื™ื’ื™ื˜ืœื™ื•ืช, ื‘ืชืฆืœื•ืžื™ื ื‘ืืคืœื™ืงืฆื™ื•ืช ื”ืฉื•ื ื•ืช ื•ื‘ืœื™ื™ืงื™ื. ื—ื–ื ื™ ืืžื ื ืžืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื›ืœื™ื ืืงื“ืžืื™ื™ื ื•ืžื–ื›ื™ืจ ืžื•ืฉื’ื™ื ื•ื”ื•ื’ื™ื, ืื‘ืœ ื–ื” ืœื ืกืคืจ ืืงื“ืžืื™, ื•ื”ืฉื™ื˜ื•ื˜ ื•ื”ื ืกื™ืขื” ืืชื•, ื›ืžื• ื‘ื˜ื™ื•ืœ ื’'ื™ืคื™ื - ืžืืชื’ืจื™ื, ืžืœืžื“ื™ื ื•ืžื”ื ื™ื.


#ืกืคืจ ืขืœ ืชื•ืคืขื•ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ื•ืช ื‘ื–ื•ื•ื™ื•ืช ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ื•ืช. ืžื•ืžืœืฅ ืœื ืจืง ืœื—ื•ื‘ื‘ื™ ืžืคืœืฆื•ืช ื”ืžืชื›ืช.


ืฆืื• ืœืฉื˜ื—, ื”ืคืขื™ืœื• ืฉื™ืงื•ืœ ื“ืขืช, ืชืงืจืื• ื•ืชื”ื™ื• ื ื—ืžื“ื™ื.


ื•ื™ืฉ ื’ื ืฉื™ืจ ืžืชืงื•ืคืช ืงื‘ื™ืขืช ื”ื’ื‘ื•ืœื•ืช, ื’ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื’'ื™ืคื™ื ืฉืฉื•ื˜ื˜ื• ื‘ืกืคืจ, ื’ื ืฉื•ืขืœื™ ืฉืžืฉื•ืŸ ื•ื’ื ืื‘ื ืจื™.



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