top of page
  • ื‘ืขื– ื–ืœืžื ื•ื‘ื™ืฅ

ืืžืกื˜ืจื“ื - ืชืขืœื•ืช ืจื‘ื•ืช ื‘ื” ื•ื’ื ืกืคืจื™ื


ืื™ืฉ ืงื•ืจื - ืฆื™ืœื•ื ืื•ืจื” ื’ื–ื™ืช

"'ื•ื”ื“ืจื•ื' - ื‘ืขื™ื ื™ ืžื ื”ืœ ื”ืชื—ื ื” ืื™ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืฆื™ื•ืŸ ื’ื™ืื•ื’ืจืคื™ ื‘ืœื‘ื“. 'ื”ื“ืจื•ื' ื”ื•ื ื”ื™ื. ื™ื ืฉืœ ืฉืžืฉ, ืฉืœ ื—ื•ืคืฉ, ืฉืœ ืื•ืฉืจ." (ื™ื•ื–ืฃ ืจื•ืช, ืžื ื”ืœ ื”ืชื—ื ื” ืคืœืžืจืื™ื™ืจ). ืื—ืจื™ ื›ืžืขื˜ 4 ืฉื ื™ื ื˜ืกื ื• ืฉื•ื‘ ืœื—ื•ืคืฉื” ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœื™ื. ื•ืืžื ื ื˜ืกื ื• ืœ"ืฆืคื•ืŸ", ืœื’ืฉื ื”ื“ืง ืฉืœ ื”ืกืชื™ื• ื”ืืžืกื˜ืจื“ืžื™, ื•ืฉืžืฉ ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืžืขื˜, ืืš ื”ื™ื• ื’ื ื—ื•ืคืฉ ื•ืงืฆืช ืื•ืฉืจ. ื—ื•ืคืฉ ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ืชื™ ื”ื•ื ื’ื ืงืจื™ืื” ืจื’ื•ืขื” ืฉืœ ืกืคืจื™ื ื•ืœื ืจืง ืžืจื•ืฅ ืื—ืจ ืื˜ืจืงืฆื™ื•ืช. ืืช ื”ืกืคืจื™ื ื”ื‘ืืชื™ ืื™ืชื™, ื›ื™ ืœืฆืขืจื™ ืื ื™ ืœื ืงื•ืจื ื”ื•ืœื ื“ื™ืช. ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉืœืงื—ืชื™ ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื”ืกืคืงืชื™ ืจืง ืืจื‘ืขื” ืžื”ื. ื›ืจื’ื™ืœ ืœื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ื•ืื—ื“ ืžื”ื ืžื’ื™ืขื” ืกืงื™ืจื” ืžืœืื”, ืื‘ืœ ื–ื” ืœื ื™ืงืจื” ื”ื™ื•ื. ื•ื’ื ืœื ื‘ื”ืžืฉืš, ื›ื™ ืขืจืžืช ื”ืกืคืจื™ื ื”ื ืงืจืื™ื ืžืฆื˜ื‘ืจืช ื•ื’ื ื”ื ืงื•ืจืื™ื ื‘ืงื•ืœ ืขื ื•ืช ื—ืœื•ืฉื”: ืžืชื™ ืชืกืงื•ืจ ื’ื ืื•ืชื ื•? ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืงืจื”, ื›ืœ ื”ืืจื‘ืขื” ื”ืœืœื• ืžืงื‘ืœื™ื ืืช ื”ืžืœืฆืชื™ ื”ื—ืžื”, ืื ื–ื” ื ื—ืฉื‘.


ืฉืขืจ 'ื ื™ืฉืืจ ืคื” ืขื•ืœื' ืฉืœ ืขื™ื ื‘

ื‘ืฉื‘ืช ื‘ื˜ืจืžื™ื ืœ 1 ื•ื‘ื›ืžืขื˜ 5 ืฉืขื•ืช ื”ื˜ื™ืกื” ืงืจืืชื™ ืืช ืกืคืจื• ืฉืœ ืขื•ืžืจ ืขื™ื ื‘ 'ื ื™ืฉืืจ ืคื” ืœืขื•ืœื' (ื”ืงื™ื‘ื•ืฅ ื”ืžืื•ื—ื“, 2022). ืื ื™ ืขื•ืงื‘ ืื—ืจ ืขื™ื ื‘ ื‘ื˜ื•ื•ื™ื˜ืจ (omer_einav@) ื•ื”ื ื” ื‘ืงื ื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ื“ืจืš ืœืจื›ื‘ืช ื‘ื“ื•ื›ืŸ ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ืกืคืจื™ื ืงืคืฅ ืกืคืจ ื”ืžืชื— ื”ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ ืฉืœ ืขื™ื ื‘. ืงื ื™ืชื™ ื‘ื–ื•ืœ ื•ื™ืฆืืชื™ ืขืฉื™ืจ ื‘ื”ื™ื›ืจื•ืช ืขื ืคืจืฉื” ื›ืื•ื‘ื” ื‘ืชื•ืœื“ื•ืช ื”ืงื™ื‘ื•ืฆื™ื, ื•ื’ื ืžืกื’ื ื•ืŸ ื”ื›ืชื™ื‘ื”. ืคื™ืฆื•ืœื• ืฉืœ ืงื™ื‘ื•ืฅ ื‘ื™ืช ืืœืคื (ืฉื‘ื• ื ื•ืœื“ ืขื™ื ื‘) ื‘ื™ื•ื ื™ 1940 ื•'ื˜ืจื ืกืคืจ' ื•ื”ื—ืœืคืช ืžื—ืฆื™ืช ืžื—ื‘ืจื™ื• ืขื ืžื—ืฆื™ืช ืžื—ื‘ืจื™ ืงื™ื‘ื•ืฅ ืจืžืช ื™ื•ื—ื ืŸ. ืืช ืžื™ ืฉื–ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื›ื™ื•ื, ื—ื•ืฅ ืžื—ื•ื‘ื‘ื™ ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ืงื™ื‘ื•ืฆื™ืช ื”ืืจื“-ืงื•ืจ? ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืื ื™ ื›ื–ื”, ื ื™ื’ืฉืชื™ ืœืงืจื•ื. ืื‘ืœ ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉื”ืกืคืจ ืžื•ืžืœืฅ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื”ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช ื”ื‘ืื•ืช: [1] ืขื™ื ื‘ ื™ืฆืจ ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ืžืชื— ื”ืขื•ืงื‘ ืื—ืจื™ ื”ืžืื‘ืงื™ื ื”ืื™ื“ื™ืื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื™ื ื•ื”ืื™ืฉื™ื™ื ืฉืงืจืขื• ืืช ื”ืงื™ื‘ื•ืฅ ื•ืื—ืจื™ ื”ื ื™ืกื™ื•ื ื•ืช ืœืžืฆื•ื ืคืชืจื•ืŸ. ืžืฆืืชื™ ืขืฆืžื™ ืžืชืืคืง ืžืœืงืคื•ืฅ ืœืกื•ืฃ ื•ืœืจืื•ืช ืžื” ืงืจื” (ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉื™ื“ืขืชื™) ื•ืื™ืš ืกื•ื›ื ื”ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ. [2] ืขื™ื ื‘ ืžืจืื” ืฉืžืื—ื•ืจื™ ื”ืื™ื“ื™ืื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ืขืžื“ื• ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉื”ืชื—ืจื• ืื—ื“ ื‘ืฉื ื™, ื•ืžืฆื‘ื™ืข ืขืœ ื”ืื•ืคืŸ ื‘ื• ืคืขืจื™ื ืงื˜ื ื™ื, ืžื•ื–ื ื™ื ืžืื™ืจื•ืขื™ื ืฉื“ื•ืžื” ืฉื”ื ืคืขื•ื˜ื™ื ืืš ื”ืชื•ืฆืื•ืช ื•ื”ืฉืœื›ื•ืช ืขื•ื‘ืจื•ืช ืืกืงืœืฆื™ื” ืžื•ืืฆืช ื•ื”ื•ืคื›ื•ืช ืœืžืœื—ืžื” ืฉืœื ื‘ืจื•ืจ ื‘ืฉืœื‘ ืžืกื•ื™ื ืžื” ืžืงื•ืจื” ื•ืื™ืš ื”ื’ืขื ื• ืขื“ ื”ืœื•ื. [3] ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ืืžื ื ื”ืชืจื—ืฉ ืžื–ืžืŸ ื•ื—ืฉื‘ื ื• ืฉืžื—ืœื•ืงื•ืช ืื™ื“ื™ืื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืœืงืจื•ืข ืงืจืขื™ื ื‘ืœืชื™ ื ื™ืชื ื™ื ืœืื™ื—ื•ื™, ืื‘ืœ ืžืกืชื‘ืจ ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ืฉื›ื–ื•. ืœื?


ืฉืขืจ 'ื™ื•ืžื ื” ืฉืœ ื’ื‘ืจืช ื›ืคืจื™ืช'

ืžืกืชื‘ืจ ืฉื™ืฆืืชื™ ื‘ืžืกืข ืœื”ื•ืœื ื“ ืขื ื”ื”ื•ืฆืื•ืช ืœืื•ืจ ืฉื”ืงื™ื ื•ืขืจืš ืื•ืจื™ืืœ ืงื•ืŸ. ื”ืกื™ื‘ื” ื”ื™ื ื“ื™ ืคืจื•ื–ืื™ืช. ื™ืžืžื” ืœืคื ื™ ื”ื˜ื™ืกื” ื”ื’ื™ืขื” ื—ื‘ื™ืœื” ืฉืœ ืกืคืจื™ื ืฉื”ื–ืžื ืชื™ ื‘ืžื‘ืฆืข ืžืชืฉืข ื ืฉืžื•ืช ื•ืกืคืจื™ื ืžื”ืžื ื•ื™ ืฉืœื™ ื‘ื”ื•ืฆืื”. ืœื›ืŸ ื ื›ืœืœื™ื ื‘ืงืจื™ืื” ื‘ืžืœื•ืŸ ืกืคืจื™ 'ืชืฉืข ื ืฉืžื•ืช', 'ื–ื™ืงื™ืช' ื•'ืกืžื˜ืื•ืช'. ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื”ื™ื” 'ื™ื•ืžื ื” ืฉืœ ื’ื‘ืจืช ื›ืคืจื™ืช' ืฉื›ืชื‘ื” ื"ืž ื“ืœืืคื™ืœื“ (ืชืฉืข ื ืฉืžื•ืช, 2023, ืชืจื’ื•ื ืœื™ ืขื‘ืจื•ืŸ). ื“ืœืืคื™ืœื“ ืžืชืืจืช ื‘ืœืฉื•ืŸ ืฆื™ื ื™ืช, ืื ื•ืฉื™ืช ื•ืคืžื™ื ื™ืกื˜ื™ืช ื•ื‘ื”ื•ืžื•ืจ ืื ื’ืœื™ ื“ืง ืืช ืงื•ืจื•ืช ืฉื ื” ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื” (ืฉืœื”?) ื›ื’ื‘ืจืช ืžื”ืžืขืžื“ ื”ื‘ื™ื ื•ื ื™-ื”ื’ื‘ื•ื” ืื• ื”ื ืžื•ืš ื‘ืฉื ื•ืช ื”ืขืฉืจื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืžืื” ื”ืงื•ื“ืžืช ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ื”ืฉืคืœ ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื™(?). ืžืื‘ืงื” ืขื ื”ื˜ื‘ื—ื™ืช, ื”ืžืฉืจืชืช ื•ื”ืื•ืžื ืช ื”ืฆืจืคืชื™ืช, ื™ื—ืกื” ืขื ื™ืœื“ื™ื” ื•ืขื ื‘ืขืœื” ืฉื‘ื ื™ื’ื•ื“ ืœืžืจื‘ื™ืช ื”ื’ื‘ืจื™ื ืื™ื ื ื• ืžืจื‘ื” ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื•ืื™ื ื ื• ืžืชืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ืžืฉืง ื”ื‘ื™ืช. ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ ืžืขืžื“ื•ืช, ืื’ื•ื“ื•ืช ื ืฉื™ื ื•ื›ืชื™ื‘ื” ืœืขื™ืชื•ืŸ ื”ืคืžื™ื ื™ืกื˜ื™-ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ Time and Tide: "ืชืคืกืชื™ - ืœื ื‘ืคืขื ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” - ืฉืื•ืœื™ ื”ื“ืจืš ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉื‘ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ื ืฉื™ื ื ื‘ื•ื ื•ืช ืœืžืœื ืืช ื—ื•ื‘ืชืŸ ื›ืœืคื™ ื‘ื ื•ืช ืžื™ื ืŸ ื”ื™ื ืœืกืคืจ ืœื”ืŸ ืืช ื”ืืžืช ื”ืงืฉื” ืขืœ ืื•ื“ื•ืช ืขืฆืžืŸ. ื‘ื” ื‘ืขืช, ืื ื™ ื™ื•ื“ืขืช ืฉืœื ืื™ื”ื ื” ื›ืœืœ ืœืฉืžื•ืข ืื•ืชื”." [ืขืž' 86]. ื”ื™ื ืขื•ืฉื” ื–ืืช ื›ืืžื•ืจ ื‘ืžื‘ื˜ ืžืคื•ืงื— ื•ื—ื“. ืกืคืจ ื ื”ื“ืจ, ื•ืื ื™ ืžืฆื˜ืจืฃ ืœืžื‘ืงืจืช ื”ื’ืจื“ื™ืืŸ ืœื”ืžืœืฆื” ื”ื—ืžื”.


ืฉืขืจ 'ื—ื™ื™ื• ื”ืžืฉื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœ ืืœื‘ืจื˜ ื ื•ื‘ืก' ืžืืช ืžื•ืจ

ืžื”ื•ืฆืืช 'ื–ื™ืงื™ืช' ืฉื‘ื” ื”ื™ื• ืฉื•ืชืคื™ื ืงื•ืŸ ื•ืฉื™ืจื” ื—ืคืจ ืฉื›ื™ื•ื ืžื•ืฆื™ืื” ืœืื•ืจ ืืช ืกืคืจื™ 'ืœื•ืงื•ืก', ืงืจืืชื™ ืกืคืจ ืฉื™ืฆื ืœืจืืฉื•ื ื” ื‘ืฉื ืช 1918 ื•ื“ื•ืžื” ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืงื“ื™ื ื‘ื›ืชื™ื‘ืชื• ื”ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ืช ื•ื‘ื—ืฉื™ื‘ืชื• ืื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ื’ื‘ื•ืœื•ืช ื•ื”ื˜ืฉื˜ื•ืฉ ื”ืžื™ื ื™ ืืช ื”ืกืคืจื•ืช ืขื›ืฉื•ื•ื™ืช. ื–ื• ืฉื›ื™ื•ื ื ืกื•ื’ื” ื•ื”ื•ืœื›ืช ืœืฉืžืจื ื•ืช ื•ืœืคื—ื“ื ื•ืช ืื• ืกืชื ืœืงื™ื˜ืฉ (ื‘ืขืฆื ืงื™ื˜ืฉ ื–ื• ืกื•ื’ื” ืขืœื™ืช ื‘ื™ื—ืก ืœื ื›ืชื‘ ื›ื™ื•ื). ื’'ื•ืจื’' ืžื•ืจ ื”ืื™ืจื™ ื›ืชื‘ ืืช 'ื—ื™ื™ื• ื”ืžืฉื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœ ืืœื‘ืจื˜ ื ื•ื‘ืก' (ื–ื™ืงื™ืช, 2013, ืชืจื’ื•ื ืืจื– ื•ื•ืœืง) ืขืœ ื ื•ื‘ืก ืื™ืฉ ืฉื•ืœื™ื™ื ืžืฉืจืช ื ื•ื“ื“ ื‘ืžืœื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืžืชื’ืœื” ื›ืื™ืฉื” ืฉื ื ื˜ืฉื” ื‘ื™ืœื“ื•ืชื” ื•ื”ื ืืœืฆืช ืœื”ืชื—ืคืฉ ืœื’ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืœื”ืชืคืจื ืก. ื”ืืžื ื ืจืง ื‘ื’ืœืœ ื–ืืช? ื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ื•ื“ื“ื™ื, ืžืคื•ื—ื“ื™ื, ืžื ื•ืฆืœืช ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืื—ืจื™ื ื”ืžื•ืฆืื™ื ืื•ืชื” ื˜ืจืฃ ืงืœ ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืžืฆื‘ื” ื’ื ื‘ืœื™ ืฉื”ื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืฉื”ื™ื ืื™ืฉื”. ืžืขืžื“ื•ืช, ืืคืœื™ื” ืžื’ื“ืจื™ืช ื•ื“ืขื•ืช ืงื“ื•ืžื•ืช: "ื–ื” ืœื ืžื“ื”ื™ื? ืื™ืฉื”, ื”ืžืฉื™ื›ื” ื™ื•ื‘ืจื˜, ื•ืชื›ื ื ื™ืช, ื•ืชื›ื ื ื™ืช ืžืชื•ื—ื›ืžืช ืœื ืคื—ื•ืช ืžื›ืœ ืื™ืฉื” ืชื›ื›ื ื™ืช ืื—ืจืช ืฉื”ืกืชื•ื‘ื‘ื” ื‘ืขื•ืœื, ื•ื”ื™ื• ืœื ืžืขื˜ ื›ืืœื”. ื•ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ื’ื‘ื™ืจื•ืชื™, ืื ื™ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื’ืฉืช ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ื”."[ืขืž' 125], ื•ืคื—ื“ื™ื ืื ื•ืฉื™ื™ื. ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ื•ืช ื ืคืฉื™ืช ื•ื”ื›ืœ ื‘ืœืฉื•ืŸ ืžื“ื•ื™ืงืช. ืžื•ืžืœืฅ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ.


ืฉืขืจ 'ืื’ื“ืช ื”ืฉืชื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉ' ืžืืช ืจื•ืช

ื‘ื˜ื™ืกื” ื—ื–ืจื” ื”ืชื—ืœืชื™ ืœืงืจื•ื ืงื•ื‘ืฅ ืฉืœ ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ืขื›ืฉื•ื•ื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ืกื•ืคืจืช ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ืช ืžืชื—ื™ืœื” ืื• ืฉื–ื” ืกืคืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ. ืœื ื”ืฆืœื—ืชื™ ืœืฆืœื•ื— ืืช ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื‘ืงื•ื‘ืฅ. ื–ื” ื›ื ืจืื” ืื ื™, ืœื ื”ื™ื, ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ืœื ื ืชื—ื‘ืจื• ืขื‘ื•ืจื™ ื›ื ืจืื”. ืขื‘ืจืชื™ ืœื™ื•ื–ืฃ ืจื•ืช, ืžืื” ืฉื ื™ื ืื—ื•ืจื”. ื–ื” ืืžื ื ืœื ื”ื•ื’ืŸ ื›ืœืคื™ ื”ืžืชื—ื™ืœื”, ืœื”ืชื—ืจื•ืช ื‘ืจื•ืช ืฉื›ืžื• ื‘ืŸ ื“ื•ืจื• ืฉื˜ืคืŸ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ื’ ื”ืจื’ ืืช ืขืฆืžื•. ื”ื•ื ืœื ื”ืชืื‘ื“ ืขื ืจืขืœ ืืœื ื”ื˜ื‘ื™ืข ืขืฆืžื• ื‘ืืœื›ื•ื”ื•ืœ. ื‘ืฉืชื™ ื”ื ื•ื‘ืœื•ืช ืฉืงื•ื‘ืฆื• ื‘ืกืคืจื•ืŸ ืฉื™ืฆื ื‘'ืกืžื˜ืื•ืช' (2012, ืชืจื’ื•ื ืื”ื•ื“ ืืœื›ืกื ื“ืจ ืื‘ื ืจ) ื ืกื—ืคื™ื ื”ื’ื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ื ื”ื’ื•ืœื™ื ืžืืจืฆื ื•ืžืขืฆืžื ืื—ืจ ืœื™ื‘ื ื‘ื—ื™ืคื•ืฉ ืื—ืจ ื ืก ื•ืžื•ื›ืจื™ื ืืช ื›ืœ ื›ื•ืœื ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืงื“ื•ืฉื”-ืื™ืฉื”. ื‘"ืื’ื“ืช ื”ืฉืชื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉ", ืฆื•ื•ืืชื• ื”ืกืคืจื•ืชื™ืช-ืจื•ื—ื ื™ืช ืฉืœ ืจื•ืช, ืื ื“ืจืก ืฉืชื™ื™ืŸ ืงื‘ืฆืŸ ื”ื’ื•ืœื” ืžืืจืฆื•, ื ืงืœืข ืœืฉื•ืจืช ื ืกื™ื ืืฉืจ ืžื•ืฆื™ืื™ื ืื•ืชื• ืœืื•ื“ื™ืกื™ืื”. ื–ื• ืžืชืจื—ืฉืช ื‘ื‘ืจื™ื, ื‘ืžืกื‘ืื•ืช, ื‘ืžืกืขื“ื•ืช, ื‘ื‘ืชื™ ืงื•ืœื ื•ืข ื•ื‘ืžื™ื˜ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืคืจื™ื– ืชื—ืชื ื•ื–ืืช ื‘ื—ื™ืคื•ืฉ ืื—ืจ ื’ื™ื–ืช ื”ื–ื”ื‘, ืชืจื– ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉื” ื•ืื•ืœื™ ื‘ืขืฆื ืื—ืจ ื›ื‘ื•ื“ื• ื”ืื‘ื•ื“. ื”ืื ื™ืคื’ื•ืฉ ืืช ืคื ื•ืคืœื” ืื• ืฉื”ืจื•ื—ื•ืช ื™ืกื—ืคื• ืื•ืชื• ืžื—ื•ืฃ ื”ืžื‘ื˜ื—ื™ื? ื‘ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ื”ืฉื ื™ ื‘ืงื•ื‘ืฅ, "ืžื ื”ืœ ื”ืชื—ื ื” ืคืœืžืจืื™ื™ืจ" ื ืœื›ื“ ื‘ื›ื™ืฉื•ืคื” ืฉืœ ืงื™ืจืงื” ื”ืžื•ืคื™ืขื” ื‘ืฆืœืžื” ืฉืœ ืจื•ื–ื ืช ืจื•ืกื™ื”. ื”ื•ื ื™ื•ืฆื ืžื—ื™ื™ื• ื”ืืคื•ืจื™ื ืœืื™ืœื™ืื“ื”-ืžืœื—ืžืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืœื”ืฉื™ื‘ ืืช ืžื•ืฉื ื—ืœื•ืžื•ืชื™ื•. ืจื•ืช ื‘ื›ืชื™ื‘ื” ืจื–ื” ื—ื•ื“ืจ ื ืคืฉ ื•ืœื‘. ืื™ืš ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ื—ื–ื™ืง ืžืขืžื“ ืžื•ืœ ื”ืชืžื•ื˜ื˜ื•ืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ืฉืœ ืืชืžื•ืœ? ื”ื•ื ืฉื•ืืœ, ื•ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื”ื™ื ื›ื ืจืื” ืคืกื™ืžื™ืช ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ. ื‘ื“ื•ืžื” ืœืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ื’ ืœืจื•ืช ืžื’ื™ืขื” ื”ืชื’ืœื•ืช ืžื—ื“ืฉ. ืงื•ืŸ ืžื•"ืœ ืชืฉืข ื ืฉืžื•ืช ืžืžืฉื™ืš ื‘ืžืคืขืœ ืฉื”ื—ืœ ื‘'ืกืžื˜ืื•ืช' ื•ื‘'ื–ื™ืงื™ืช' ื‘ื” ืคื•ืจืกื ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจ 'ื”ืœื•ื™ืชืŸ' ื•ื”ื•ืฆื™ื ืืช 'ืชื•ืชื™ื' ื•ืงื•ื‘ืฅ ืฉืœ ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ื 'ืืคืจื™ืœ, ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืคืืจ ืžืžื•ืœ, ื ื™ืฆื—ื•ืŸ ื”ื™ื•ืคื™'. ืืœ ืชืคืกืคืกื• ืืช ืจื•ืช, ื–ื” ื›ืžื• ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืืžืกื˜ืจื“ื ื•ืœื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืžื•ื–ื™ืื•ืŸ ื•ืืŸ ื’ื•ืš.


#ืกืคืจ ืื• ืืจื‘ืขื” ืฉืงืจืืชื™ ื‘ื—ื•ืคืฉื” ื‘ืืžืกื˜ืจื“ื, ื•ืžื•ืžืœืฅ ืœืงืจื•ื ืื•ืชื ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื ื•ืžืฆื‘.


ืžื” ื ื•ืชืจ ืœื ื• ื‘ื—ื’ื™ื? ื‘ืžื•ืขื“ื™ื? ื•ื‘ื ื•ืคืœื™ื? ืจืง ืœืงืจื•ื ื•ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื ื—ืžื“ื™ื.


ื•ื™ืฉ ื’ื ืฉื™ืจ

ืื‘ืœ ืื ื™ ืื“ื ื‘ื•ื“ื“,

ืžื—ื•ืจืฃ ื•ื‘ืจืงื™ื ืคื•ื—ื“,

ืžืืฉ ื•ืžืœื—ืžื” ืจื•ืขื“,

ื•ืžืŸ ื”ื–ืžืŸ ืฉืจืฅ ืคืชืื•ื.

ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืืคืฉืจ ืœื—ื™ื•ืช ื”ื™ื•ื

ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ืจืขืฉ ื”ืื™ื•ื

ื–ื” ืœื ืžื•ื‘ืŸ, ื–ื” ืœื ืคืฉื•ื˜

ืื ื™ ืื‘ื•ื“


270 ืฆืคื™ื•ืช

ืคื•ืกื˜ื™ื ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื

ื”ืฆื’ ื”ื›ื•ืœ

ืื™-ื ื—ืช

bottom of page